Addition = putting two piles together.
Subtraction = start with a pile of a and grey out b removed pebbles.
Multiplication a ร b = b rows of a pebbles.
Division = making equal groups. a รท b = number of full groups (quotient) + leftover pebbles
(remainder).
k! = number of ways to order k distinct pebbles. We build 1!, 2!, 3!, 4! step-by-step by inserting
the new pebble into all slots.
At stage k, insert pebble k into every slot of the (kโ1)! permutations. For n โค 4 we can show all
permutations.
Combinations = choose k pebbles out of n. We list all combinations for small n (n โค 7), each as a
row of gold pebbles.
a^b = number of length-b sequences where each step has a choices. We show position boxes, example
sequences, and a small tree when a โค 3 and b โค 3.